Human studies investigating the effects of creatine supplementation on memory and concentration have produced mixed results. Some studies report improvements in cognitive function, while others show no effect.
Improvements in memory have been observed particularly in healthy older adults aged 68–85 and in the working memory of vegetarians and vegans. In a direct comparison between vegetarians and omnivores, memory improvement following creatine supplementation was more pronounced among vegetarians. However, other studies have not demonstrated a benefit for memory in children, adults or some groups of older people.
For concentration and attention, the effect of creatine supplementation appears most likely during sleep deprivation. Creatine may improve cognitive performance, including memory and attention, but the effects appear more consistently when the brain is under strain for example, because of insufficient sleep or a neurodegenerative disorder such as Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s disease. [18]
